What are long-term signs of abuse?

Long-term signs of abuse encompass a range of psychological and behavioral indicators that can manifest over time. All of the options listed—poor self-esteem, anxiety, and substance abuse—are indeed interconnected symptoms that can arise as a result of experiencing abuse.

Poor self-esteem is often a consequence of ongoing belittlement or emotional trauma inflicted during abusive situations. Individuals may feel unworthy or develop a negative self-image because of the continual negative messages or experiences they face.

Anxiety frequently develops in those who have experienced abuse. It can stem from the unpredictability and fear of future encounters or from living in an environment where they feel constantly threatened or on edge.

Substance abuse can also be a coping mechanism for individuals who have endured abuse. Many may turn to alcohol or drugs to numb their pain, escape their reality, or manage the overwhelming feelings associated with past trauma.

Recognizing that all these signs can coexist emphasizes the complex impact of abuse on individuals, illustrating why the option stating "all of the above" is accurate in identifying long-term signs of abuse.