Which of the following statements about consent is true?

The statement regarding consent that is true emphasizes the complexities involved in situations where a power dynamic exists, particularly when one person holds authority over another. In such cases, the ability to freely give consent can be significantly affected by the imbalances of power. For instance, when an individual is in a position of authority—such as a coach, teacher, or supervisor—there may be coercive influences, whether intentional or unintentional, that can pressure the subordinate into consenting even if they are not fully comfortable with it. This highlights the important concept that consent must be given freely and without pressure, and that authority can taint the validity of that consent.

In contrast, the other statements fail to recognize the nuances of consent. For example, the idea that a person can always give consent under any circumstances overlooks situations where individuals may be under duress or unable to make informed decisions. The suggestion that incapacitated individuals can give consent neglects the reality that incapacity—whether due to intoxication, illness, or other factors—prevents a person from providing informed and voluntary consent. Furthermore, asserting that consent requires a written agreement simplifies consent into a legal formality, while in practice, consent is often a mutual understanding that can be verbal and context-dependent.